Two of the Gospels, compared and contrasted Assignment

Two of the Gospels, compared and contrasted - Assignment Example The gospel according to Mathew begins with the genealogy of Jesus. It traces His roots of to King David through Joseph, His father. Jesus had a miraculous conception through the Holy Spirit as Mary conceived before meeting with Joseph. A star guided visitors from the east to visit Him at Bethlehem. Later on when he was two years old, he escaped with his parents to Egypt when King Herod began killing all children who were less than two years of age. He returned from Egypt after Herod died. John the Baptist announced that Jesus would baptize people with fire and the Holy Spirit. John baptized Jesus afterwards he went to the wilderness and fasted for forty days and forty nights. The devil came to tempt Jesus three times after his fasting. However, he overcame these temptations and began his mission. (Johnson 167). The gospel according to Luke begins with the annunciation of the birth of Jesus Christ by angel Gabriel, six months into the pregnancy of Elizabeth. His conception was miracul ous, as Mary did not meet with Joseph before getting pregnant. His birth was at Bethlehem in a manger. A week later, he underwent circumcision in accordance to Jewish customs, and named Jesus. Later on, he underwent purification when presented to the temple for dedication in Jerusalem and met Simeon and Prophetess Anna. At age twelve, he went with His parents to the temple in Jerusalem for the Passover Feast and stayed behind with the Pharisees. John the Baptist baptized Jesus. Afterwards, he went to the wilderness for fasting for forty days and forty nights after which the devil came to tempt Him. He began his work in Galilee, teaching in synagogues where he encountered rejection at His own home in Nazareth (Johnson 167). Write an essay explaining the significance, background, conversion, and ministry of the Apostle Paul. Christianity in the early days got a lot of opposition from the rulers of its time, especially among Romans who were ruling Jews. It brought about numerous change s in spiritual settings of everyone who heard the gospel. This led to confusion in the Roman Empire because most teachings of Christianity condemned socially accepted practices such as corruption and bribery, which were a common feature in the Roman Empire. Jesus ascended to heaven after charging His disciples with the duty of spreading the good news to the Jews and the Gentiles, and across all nations of the world. Romans disliked this confusion and persecuted everyone found spreading the gospel, or claiming to be a Christian, i.e. a follower of Christ. Saul was one of the men who had deep hatred for Christianity. He was an army general and had immense hatred for Christians. He travelled across cities of the world persecuting and killing all the Christians he came across. One day he was on his way to massacre Christians in Damascus when the Lord appeared to him in a flashing light and thunderous voice. The Lord spoke to him and asked him why he was persecuting His people. The brigh t light form of the Lord blinded him for three days where he ate or drank nothing. The Lord gave a dream to Ananias who went to pray for Saul. Saul proceeded to Damascus where he accepted salvation and became a follower of Christ. The scales on his eyes came off and he regained his sight. Saul changed his name to Paul from this day on. He became one of the biggest followers of Christianity, travelled everywhere to preach the gospel and endured all manner of persecution for the sake of the Lord. In fact, he wrote the largest number of books in the bible, i.e. the Pauline Epistles. Based on the principles and tools for interpreting the Bible given in Unit 3 (historical context, literary context, genre, etc.) and the discussion of Paul’s letters in the book and in Unit 9, explain how you

How The Media Influences Public And Political Opinions Media Essay

How The Media Influences Public And Political Opinions Media Essay This essay will draw on a range of scholars to show and explain how the media have influenced public and political opinion on controversial scientific and technical issues like biotechnology, nanotechnology, cloning and genetic modifications. This essay on the one hand will argue and show how the media exert influences on the perceptions of the public and policy-makers. On the other hand, it will object this notion by showing that the media do not ultimately determine public and political opinions. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn and ideas for further research in this field will be highlighted. Plein (1991) explains that biotechnology refers to the use of recombinant DNA techniques, cell fusion and bio-processing techniques to modify life forms for various research and commercial uses (ibid: 474). Biotechnology and other technical scientific issues have attracted intense media attention that it has become a fundamental aspect of an everlasting public and political debate. According to Hansen (2006), discourse and research about biotechnology began to gain prominence in the 1990s and as a result of the increasing public and political controversy surrounding biotechnology, a wealth of studies has examined the nature and evolution of public discourse on genetics/biotechnology representations in press, film and other media (ibid: 816). Durant et al (1998) describe biotechnology as the third strategic technology of the post-war period (ibid: 189). Durant et al (1998) describe biotechnology as strategic because it has been seen to carry the potential to transform our future (ibid: 189). Biotechnology is said to possess benefits like new diagnoses and therapies to eliminate diseases, new crop varieties to eliminate world hunger (Durant et al 1998: 189), whilst feared for its threats to biodiversity (see Durant et al, 1998). A controversial scientific issue like biotechnology was in its early stages surrounded by scepticism and disputes. According to Nelkin (1995), one of the earliest disputes over biotechnology applications focused on the field testing of ice minus, genetically altered microbes intended to inhibit water crystallisation and protect strawberries from frost injury (Nelkin, 1995: 58). Nelkin (1995) emphasised that environmental groups were worried over the health hazards that this novel technology posed. Nelkin (1995) explained further that news reports of the ice minus test presented images which were striking and provocative (ibid: 258). Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) point out that modern biotechnologys thirty-year old history has been inherently political (ibid: 360). The media are at the fore-front of this political controversy concerning biotechnology. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) state that the mass media comprise the principal arena where policy relevant issues come to the attention of decision-makers, interest groups and the public (ibid: 360). This is perhaps why Nisbet and Huge (2006) noted that media coverage is likely to both reflect and shape policy debate (ibid: 14). In policy processes at first instance, the influence of the media comes in early as they determine what issues will be addressed by the policy-makers. These issues are usually generated by mass fear and scepticism created by the media. In the early stages of political policy processes, the influence of decision-makers can be direct when they manage to keep decision making behind closed doors from public or media attention (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). However, the progress of such clandestine decision making often results in the mobilization of bias (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). That is, decisions made only reflect the interest of certain members over others (see Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) explain that if this interest succeeds in controlling media and public attention, then it has succeeded in controlling media and public agenda (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). However, Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) point out that if such issues appear in the media and an interest can define their stand as well as alternatives available for discussions (ibid: 361), then they have succeeded in delimiting arguments that oppositions can make and screening them off from participation (Berkwitz, 1992, cited in Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). This therefore relates to controversial scientific issues where different media frames are created by conflicting groups in order for their voices to be heard by the public and policy-makers. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) importantly note that policy-makers are aware of the importance of the media in influencing policy outcomes. Nisbet and Huge (2006) identify framing as a key mechanism used by the media to influence public and political opinions. Nisbet and Huge (2006) emphasise that frames are thought organisers, devices for packaging complex issues in a persuasive way by focusing on certain interpretations over others, suggesting what is relevant about an issue and what should be ignored (Ferree et al, 2002, cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 11). Frames are hence the tools that the media use to successfully exert influences on political and public attitudes towards biotechnology and other controversial scientific issues. The frames help guide policy-makers and citizen evaluation about causes, consequences of an issue and what should be done (Ferree et al, 2002, cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 11). In the case of biotechnology which attracted negative media coverage in the 1990s (see Nisbet and Huge, 2006); media frames could however be an antidote to suppress the negativity associated with it. These frames will act as an educative tool to reduce public scepticism and influence political opinion. Nisbet and Huge (2006) emphasise further that plant biotechnology has been ethically framed in a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦promotional light, emphasising the moral duty to pursue a gene revolution that could end world hunger (Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 11). Plein (1991) emphasised that biotechnology today is being associated with positive economic themes such as patent rights, international trade, research funding and regulatory policy (Plein, 1991: 475). This is as a result of the efforts of a well-organised coalition to define biotechnology in positive terms (ibid: 475). This has also been achieved by brilliant media-agenda setting techniques which have influenced public and political opinion positively. One will emphasise that this is because these well-organised agenda-setters present the beneficial aspects of this controversial technology to the media and the media in-turn influence positively the notions of biotechnology in political and public fronts. Plein (1991) importantly notes the reason for the decline in biotechnology scepticism was due to its application to the fields of agriculture, industry and medicine (Plein, 1991: 476). Marks et al (2007) however, pointed out that the news medias coverage on the medical features of biotechnology has been positive compared to that of the agricultural features. In fact, Marks et al (2007) stated that negative public opinion regarding agricultural biotechnology reflects the power of the news media. On the other hand, Plein (1991) pointed out that as a result of poor-organisation in the years of 1968 to 1980, the pro-biotechnology community were exposed to a hostile climate of opinionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Plein,1991: 475). This negative influence on public and political opinions concerning biotechnology was as a result of scientists being primarily interested in scientific freedom and protection from regulatory intrusion by government (ibid: 476), rather than use the media to educate citizens on the blessings of biotechnology which would hence influence positive political and public opinions. Nevertheless, the 1980s marked a turning point in biotechnology history (Plein, 1991: 476) as it turned from being a dangerous pursuit of another weapon in Americas competitive arsenal (ibid: 476) to being a technology deserving inexhaustible accolades. Biotechnology has been made to be seen by citizens as one of the biggest scientific successes through brilliant agenda-setting techniques. In fact, Nelkin (1987: 40) emphasised that in the media ,biotechnology underwent a metamorphosis from a runaway science of genetic engineering to a new technological frontier (cited in Plein, 1991: 476). In the political arena, the climate of opinion changed dramatically as biotechnology and its features began to dominate policy processes (see Plein, 1991). One can say therefore that well organised media campaigns can revolutionise an issue that was before deemed dangerous and harmful to the society. Plein (1991) further explains that the ability of biotechnology to be defined in positive terms was as a result of its alliance with well-established groups which provided an opportunity for mediation and therefore influenced public and political opinion. Plein (1991) noted that the cultivation of support with well-established groups and businesses provided a better atmosphere for policy considerations and media coverage which hence reduces public scepticism. This therefore reflects the influential power of the media. For instance, a well established group like the London biotechnology network, a network of over 800 organisations which began in year 2000 has further helped reduce biotechnology scepticism through mediation (londonbiotechnology.co.uk). Plein (1991) writes further that another reason for the positive media influence on public and political opinion was as a result biotechnology supporters to disassociate biotechnology from negative issues such as environmental risk and ethical ambiguity (Plein, 1991: 480). This further provided an opportunity for media coverage as scientific groups were able to frame biotechnology in terms of its benefits to economic growth and development. Plein (1991) explained that these groups were also able to use the media to increase political support as they predicted that biotechnology can play an important role in reversing Americas declining role in the global market place (ibid: 481). One will assert that such prediction makes biotechnology a topical issue for the media as its coverage on it will garner more support thereby pushing policy-makers to take biotechnology into important consideration. Biotechnology proponents have also been able to frame this technology in the media as not being novel or alien; rather it is a benign, incremental technology (Plein, 1991: 481). Therefore, it has been able to disassociate itself from common fears that it is a new form of technology fraught with dangers (ibid: 481). Biotechnology has also been seen to dominate media agenda because of its association with already media-worthy topics (a period where science reporting became on the increase); therefore it has been able to draw the media to its side thereby communicating to the public and policy-makers the blessings of this technology. Hence, it influences a positive public and political opinion. This technology according to Plein (1991) has been able to attract favourable media coverage because of its ability to undercut the positions of anti-biotechnology groups. The coverage of this conflict further boosts the confidence of citizens and policy-makers that biotechnology is indeed beneficial. However, Plein (1991) importantly notes that such well-organised coalition frames are never secure in its fortunes (ibid: 484). That is, the issues and events that attracted media coverage and gave biotechnology its stamp of legitimacy will likely pass (ibid: 484). This is because other questions will emerge which cannot be effectively answered and therefore the medias coverage of this debate will influence public and political scepticism. This might be due to the emergence of competition among proponents of biotechnology (ibid: 484) who have issues with differing priorities and agenda (ibid: 484). Hence, the controversy is re-built by the media as such scandals and conflicts add sensation and spice to their stories thereby creating and influencing public and political uncertainty. Scientists have even pointed out that their major reason for involving the media in biotechnology issues is for it to utilize its influential power in public education (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 363). This is important as such education will reduce public and political fear. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) also pointed out that scientists are not only the ones involved in capitalizing on the medias influence. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) explain that in the early 1980s, media coverage was characterized by biotechnology promotion. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) showed that even policy-makers after being influenced also attempted to shape biotechnology strategically to influence positive public opinion. This is because policy-makers after being educated and influenced considered biotechnology development critical to domestic economic growth, international competitiveness and global security (Krimsky, 1991, cited in Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 364). These considerations are therefore sounded-out more by the media, thereby exerting influences on public opinion. In fact Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) point to a 1984 OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY (OTA) assessment report that uncritically characterized biotechnology as a possible solution to many of the worlds health problems including; malnutrition, disease, energy availability and pollution (cited in Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002). These characteristics will be highly reflected in the medias report agenda and will hence influence positive public opinion. However, biotechnology opponents were also active in using the media to present it as being associated with environmental risks and hazards. This is perhaps why Nisbet and Huge (2006) stated that as a result of the agenda-setting techniques of biotechnology opponents in the 1990s, the media attention garnered by them increased the controversy and scepticism towards this technology. Nevertheless, as part of the power game of politics, advocates for biotechnology still aimed to frame biotechnology positively in order to gain favourable coverage and hence influencing public and political attitudes. Priest (2001) emphasises that journalists have been accused of only covering the controversies associated with biotechnology as this is reflected in public attitudes towards it. Since news serves as a primary source of risk communication (Marks et al, 2007: 184), it only goes to show that the coverage of the risks of biotechnology will influence the publics idea of it. Marks et al (2007) state that it is the media who spark up public concern about a potential hazard (ibid: 184). Biotechnology has been accorded media attention and such media dominance influences the priority accorded to it by the general public (McCombs and Ghanem, 2001: 67, cited in Marks et al, 2007: 184). Priest (2001) states further, that even institutions within the biotechnology industry seek to use the media to frame public perceptions of policy issues in ways they feel will be to their advantage as well (Plein, 1991, cited in Priest, 2001: 31). This further proves the influential power of the media. Priest (2001) importantly notes that the medias influence on the public will determine the influence on public officials. This is because public officials tend to respond in line with that of the public. In fact, Priest (2001) affirms this as she writes that when the U.S public responds with vigor to particular perceived threats to public safety, this often seems to come as a shock to stakeholder corporate interests and government officials alike (ibid: 52). Durant et al (1998) alike, explain that with the development of biotechnology, public debate and criticism increased and in response, policy processes became sensitive to public opinion. The generation of public debate towards this issue can be tied to the media who as a result of the news-worthiness of this technology, cover its merits and de-merits which influences public and political opinion. However in Lewenstein (2005)s account, the medias influence on policy-makers does not automatically lead to an influence in public attitudes. This could be seen in the attempt of policy makers and activists attempting to generate a positive consensus towards a G.M Nation. Contrary to what policy-makers might have hoped for, given the intense media coverage which it attracted, no consensus was reached. Nevertheless, Bauer (2002)s research from 1996 to 1999 confirmed that opinions of biotechnology became negative which was in line with the medias coverage of biotechnology during this period (see Bauer, 2002: 103). Nucci and Kubey (2007) in their account emphasise that the media play a vital role in the public awareness and understanding of new innovations in science in the genetic engineering of food products for human consumption (Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 149). Nucci and Kubey (2007) write that the experience that the majority of the public have with genetics and biotechnology means that news coverage has a strong influence on theses subjects (Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 149). In fact, Priest (1999) emphasises that the media possess the ability to influence public opinion on science and technology than other issues (cited in Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 149). In fact, Nucci and Kubey (2007) noted that the PEW foundation found that the U.S publics knowledge of G.M food tends to be driven mostly by the degree to which it is covered by the media (PEW INITIATIVE ON FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2006 cited in Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 171). This further proves the argument that indeed the media is responsible for influencing public and political opinion on controversial scientific issues. A specific example of the media having an influence on political opinion was the period of the great G.M food debate (P.O.S.T, 2000). The publics suspicion about it drove the media to campaign against G.M foods which led to a heated public debate. However, it should be carefully noted that the power of the media influencing political processes should not be overstated as G.M food was already a major controversial issue in the British Parliament (P.O.S.T, 2000). In a specific case-study concerning G.M foods; Larry Bohlen in 2000 suspected that StarLink a genetically modified corn variety that had been approved for animal feed had began to mix with common food products such as corn dogs, taco shells and tortilla chips (cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 4). Bohlen predicted that this mixture will lead to serious allergic reactions (cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 5). Bohlen was able to capitalize on this media-worthy issue to influence public and political opinion. Despite attracting press attention, it did not gather the public and political attitudes it needed to disapprove G.M foods. On the other hand, recent news stories have shown that G.M foods are becoming acceptable and popular. Despite the scare for G.M food, the Royal Society has argued that G.M food research was needed to urgently avoid food crisis as this will help crops survive harsher climates as populations grow and global warming worsens (Guardian.co.uk, 21/10/09). G.M food is being developed further as meat is being laboratory grown from cells. Scientists at the University of Technology in Eindhoven confirmed that in a few years long strips of this artificially grown meat will become a part of our everyday frank-furter sausages. However it is agreed that this will only be achieved through super-human advertising before the world can accept to eat genetically modified meat (Guardian.co.uk, 1/12/09). In addition to biotechnology, other technologies like cloning and nanotechnology have become part of an increasing controversy. According to Lee et al (2005), media coverage on nanotechnology could have affective and cognitive influences on public opinion. Lee et al (2005) explain that the cognitive influences on public attitudes towards nanotechnology are based on the extent of the scientific literacy of the reader. Lee et al (2005) explain that those who have been influenced more affectively may be tied to media influences. This is perhaps why Lee et al (2005) in their research even confirmed that only science media use had direct influence on general support for nanotechnology (ibid: 253). However, Cobb (2005) pointed out that framing nanotechnology in terms of its benefits did not increase respondents trust in industry leaders (ibid: 233). The Wellcome Trust (1998) found that peoples negative attitudes towards cloning was drawn from examples expressed in popular media culture. Science fiction films were part of the major influences on peoples attitudes towards cloning. For example, Frankenstein, Brave new world and the boys from Brazil (Wellcome trust report, 1998). In conclusion, one would have to state that reading newspaper articles or any medium being consumed that ascribes all sorts of accolades to biotechnology, nanotechnology, and cloning does not necessarily determine a positive public attitude. As Lee et al (2005) found that people use their knowledge about science in general in order to evaluate possible risks and benefits (ibid: 260). Finally, one will suggest that studies of biotechnology should move past the western world into the third-world were food crisis are on the increase in order to show whether the scepticism towards artificially made food is a western ideology. Number of words: 3,285.

Humming Birds :: essays research papers

Hummingbirds in Flight   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hummingbirds are fascinating birds that are always fun to watch. These birds are able to hover in mid-air, dart from side to side, go straight up or down, or even backwards. They can out-fly and out-maneuver birds hundreds of times their size. There are many factors that contribute to the hummingbirds’ ability to fly so easily through the air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A hummingbird’s wings are shaped so that they are slightly rounded on the top. Bernoulli’s Principle explains why this helps the bird to fly. The air passing over the top of the wing must travel further than the air going under the wing. As the hummingbird moves forward, the velocity of the fluid increases over the wing and the pressure above the wing is reduced. The higher pressure under the hummingbird’s wing provides lift for the bird.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hummingbirds have unusually strong muscles that enable them to raise and lower their wings with great power. As the Hummingbirds thrust their wings up and down, they fly into the air with amazing agility and speed. The sleek outline of the bird and smooth feathers create little drag as the bird darts through the air. Hummingbirds have even been seen flying upside down!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another factor that helps explain how hummingbirds fly is called Archimedes Principle. The hummingbird stays in the air at a high altitude because it is held up by a buoyant force. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid it displaces. The Venturi effect is evident when the hummingbird holds it’s wings close to it’s body.

Living and Surviving: a Comparison Essay

It’s a commonly heard phrase – â€Å"I want to live and not just exist,† but after years of the same trite, dull sentiment, it seems flimsy and false. But to think deeper – it’s not nearly as fabricated as it seems. Living and surviving are two entirely separate actions, even though living does depend on existence. To explain the difference between living and existence, a definition is in order. Living, as defined by science, is the feat of not being dead, while existence is a blanket term that can be applied to everything in the universe. Thoughts and theories exist; same as rocks and soil. In that plane of thought, living and existence are separate, though slightly similar. To take it a step higher, and be human-centric, living would more likely be defined as having a soul, or at least, sentience. This would exclude, say, trees and bushes from the living category. Existence, then, might be elevated to having a beating heart and working lungs. Either way of viewing it, living and being are two different actions. In this paper, the focus is on second set of definitions. Living and existence, though different, are not mutually exclusive. To live, one must exist – it’s the only way. There must have a working body in order to have a thriving mind. But at the same time, it is entirely possible to exist and not live. It’s much like how a person is an animal, yet not all animals are people. To look at life’s other definition, souls and spiritualism are added to the mix and how that relates to human existence. Everyone has a soul, it could be argued, but most take it further than just simple possession of such. â€Å"What are you doing with your life?† it’s asked, taking â€Å"living† as something that can be measured. Someone who never deviates from routine, who has no hopes, could be considered â€Å"lifeless† by that perspective, while another who lives only to chase their dreams and enjoy their time on Earth, would be thriving. Here is a plethora of quotes, sayings, and speeches. Like the band Switchfoot sings, â€Å"I want to thrive, not just survive†. Living and existing, such a broad subject. So many different ways to define and redefine, each coming to the same conclusion: The two are different, even despite the fact that life depends on survival. Life, in general, is seen as a fully awakened consciousness; existence is simply breathing, possessing a beating heart and a pulsing brain†¦but not a host of thoughts. But no matter how the terms are defined, they’re always different ideas.

Cauti

Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections Editor’s note: The following is adapted from HCPro’s new book Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Build an Evidence-Based Program to Improve Patient Outcomes. For more information on this book or any other in our library, visit www. hcmarketplace. com. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common of all hospital-acquired conditions (HACs).Eighty percent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) result from indwelling urinary catheters, and 12%–16% of patients admitted to acute care hospitals may have indwelling urinary catheters at some point during their stay. One of the best ways to reduce the risk of CAUTI is to reduce the use of catheters. So as the organization begins its journey, it must decide which patients truly need indwelling urinary catheters. Which patient populations with which diagnoses or conditions meet criteria for insertion? How can the organizati on reduce the use of catheters?Are both male and female urinals readily available for patients with urinary incontinence? Does the organization have the capability to perform noninvasive bladder scanning to assess post-void residuals? Are there patients who are candidates for intermittent catheterization to manage urinary retention and bladder drainage? These types of questions need to be considered when decisions are made to insert an indwelling urinary catheter to provide bladder drainage. The most effective method for eliminating hospital-acquired CAUTIs is prevention as a result of decreasing the use of indwelling urinary catheters (Robinson et al. 2007). The next best method to reduce infections in patients who meet the conditions for catheter placement is to limit catheter days by evaluating the reasons for continuing the catheter on a daily basis and removing the catheter at the moment patients no longer meet criteria (Saint et al. , 2000; Munasinghe et al. , 2001). Develop a prevention plan When patients do require indwelling urinary catheters, constantly evaluate the need for use and identify other methods for managing bladder drainage whenever possible.Developing a prevention plan for your organization will outline steps for physicians and nurses to use in making these important clinical decisions. The prevention plan must include tools to guide clinicians’ decision-making regarding the insertion, care, and continuation of indwelling urinary catheters to ensure prevention of CAUTIs in patients admitted for inpatient care. An example of these essential tools is an algorithm for making decisions regarding the insertion, continuation, and removal of urinary catheters and a means of routinely assessing and documenting continued need for the catheter on a daily basis.In addition, evidence-based care must be provided to patients requiring continued catheter use, so a CAUTI bundle is also an essential CAUTI prevention tool for clinicians. Assess pati ents at admission As patients enter your organization, assessments and appropriate actions should be taken regarding patients who are symptomatic for UTIs. Having the appropriate tests completed to be able to document that the patient’s UTI was present on admission (POA) helps save the organization from being held accountable for a CAUTI in cases where the patient presents with a catheter in place or requires catheter placement shortly after admission.Detailed assessments of patients by their nurses during the admission process must be carefully partnered with, and supported by, physician documentation to determine whether a patient’s UTI preceded placement of the urinary catheter and was POA or whether the infection was acquired as a result of the hospital admission and is then considered an HAC. POA conditions are determined with the following criteria: †¢ There must be clear differentiation in the presence of diagnosis/condition at time of admission or developm ent of the problem after admission. †¢ Physician documentation of the condition must exist in the patient’s medical record.If POA, it must be documented concurrently with the physician’s admission orders. †¢ Primary responsibility for complete and accurate documentation lies with the physician/licensed independent practitioner. †¢ Any incomplete documentation requires provider clarification. Identify risk factors Physicians and nurses must work closely as a team to identify patients at high risk for CAUTI and carefully and accurately document findings in patients’ medical records. These intraprofessional team members must also share the opinion that the best means of preventing CAUTIs is to reduce catheter use whenever possible.Starting with comprehensive patient histories on arrival is essential to identify patients’ risk factors for developing a CAUTI or to determine whether they already have a UTI on admission. According to current findi ngs in the literature and a record review of patients with CAUTI, the following are risk factors (Lo et al. , 2008): †¢ Gender (e. g. , women are more likely to have UTIs than men) †¢ Advanced age †¢ History of urinary tract problems (e. g. , enlarged prostate or urologic surgery) †¢ Neurologic conditions (e. g. , spinal cord injury) causing neurogenic bladder problems †¢ Previous UTIs Previous and/or current abnormal voiding patterns †¢ Current catheter history †¢ Incontinence †¢ Comorbid conditions such as diabetes †¢ Immunosuppression In addition, patient assessments must include documentation of any signs and symptoms of UTIs, including: †¢ A frequent urge to urinate †¢ A painful, burning feeling in the area of the bladder or urethra while urinating †¢ A fullness in the rectum (in men) †¢ Suprapubic tenderness †¢ Passing only a small amount of urine †¢ Cloudy or reddish-colored urine †¢ Fever greater than 100. 3? F (38? C) with or without chills †¢ Incontinence †¢ Pain in the back or sideClinicians should remember that not everyone with a UTI develops signs and symptoms. It is important to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria in these hospitalized patients (Tambyah & Maki, 2000). References Lo, E. , Nicolle, L. , Classen, D. , Arias, K. M. , et al. (2008). â€Å"Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute care hospitals. † Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 29: S41–S50. Munasinghe, R. L. , Yazdani, H. , Siddique, M. , & Hafeez, W. (2001). â€Å"Appropriateness of use of indwelling urinary catheters in patients admitted o the medical service. † Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22: 647–649. Robinson, S. , Allen, L. , Barnes, M. R. , et al. (2007). â€Å"Development of an evidence-based protocol for reduction of indwelling urinary catheter usage. † MedSurg Nursi ng 16(3): 157–161. Saint, S. , Weise, J. , Armory, J. K. , et al. (2000). â€Å"Are physicians aware of which of their patients have indwelling urinary catheters? † American Journal of Medicine 109: 476–480. Tambyah, P. A. , & Maki, D. G. (2000). â€Å"Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is rarely symptomatic. † Archives of Internal Medicine 160: 678–687.

Crew Resource Management Essays - Aviation Safety, Free Essays

Crew Resource Management Essays - Aviation Safety, Free Essays Crew Resource Management Introduction There are many reasons why those involved with the airline safety commit errors that on occasion lead to the injury or death of innocent people - people who had every right to expect better of their caretakers. Such accidents can be traced to many broad categories. Categories such as weather, mechanical malfunction, terrorist acts or into what may be termed acts of God. Apart from these, perhaps the most important and the fundamental category are errors attributed to the human factor such as sheer carelessness, inexperience, personality flaws, fatigue, in adequate training or inadequate operating instructions. However, the irony aspect of this issue is that in most of the cases, accidents were resulted from the performance error made by healthy and properly qualified individuals though it is a somewhat ambiguous term and is in our haste to attribute an accident to somebody - the pilot. Over the past decade, one of the most striking developments in aviation safety has been the overwhelming endorsement and widespread implementation of training programs aimed at Human Factor to increasing the effectiveness of crew coordination and well being of crew resource management. (Human Factor Digest No.1, 1989) Crew Resource Management Crew Resource Management (CRM) training has become an integral part of many training programs for the pilots and other aviation personnel. Wiener, Kanki and Helmreich (1993) have defined CRM as using all available

Free Essays on The Supreme Courts Power In Our Government

Lately there has been much debate among political analysts regarding the power of the Supreme Court and possible overextension of this power. A quote has been presented, which claims that â€Å"†¦this unelected group of nine, usually white and usually male, individuals has overextended its powers to the point where it acts like another legislature, complete with elicit displays of partisanship.† I believe that this opinion lacks merit upon analysis of different aspects of the Supreme Court, including its foundation and purpose, the nature of its composition, and the execution and constraint of this high court. Looking at all of these various aspects of the Supreme Court, the controversial â€Å"abuse of power† accusation can be rebutted ; the Court is composed of judges indirectly elected by the people, the Court is weakened by its shared power, it only rules in cases regarding the interpretation of the Constitution (it doesn’t make laws), and its rulings are often restrained by judicial review. Alexander Hamilton laid the foundation for the Supreme Court’s purpose in his Federalist 78 dissertation. Hamilton stated that the Supreme Court is an â€Å"excellent barrier to the encroachments and oppressions of the representative body†¦to secure a steady, upright, and impartial administration of the laws.† (Woll 410) The Supreme Court was founded to rule on the interpretation of the Constitution, and although it often sets legal precedent, it doesn’t make laws like the President and Congress. The entire purpose of the Court is not to create laws for the people; it is not meant to be an absolute authority or tyrannical power, as is also stated by Hamilton. â€Å"This independence of the judges is equally requisite to guard the Constitution and the rights of individuals.† (Woll 412) Due to this lack in power of the Court, there is no foundation to accuse it of abusing its power. The Court merely rules on constitutionality of pre... Free Essays on The Supreme Court's Power In Our Government Free Essays on The Supreme Court's Power In Our Government Lately there has been much debate among political analysts regarding the power of the Supreme Court and possible overextension of this power. A quote has been presented, which claims that â€Å"†¦this unelected group of nine, usually white and usually male, individuals has overextended its powers to the point where it acts like another legislature, complete with elicit displays of partisanship.† I believe that this opinion lacks merit upon analysis of different aspects of the Supreme Court, including its foundation and purpose, the nature of its composition, and the execution and constraint of this high court. Looking at all of these various aspects of the Supreme Court, the controversial â€Å"abuse of power† accusation can be rebutted ; the Court is composed of judges indirectly elected by the people, the Court is weakened by its shared power, it only rules in cases regarding the interpretation of the Constitution (it doesn’t make laws), and its rulings are often restrained by judicial review. Alexander Hamilton laid the foundation for the Supreme Court’s purpose in his Federalist 78 dissertation. Hamilton stated that the Supreme Court is an â€Å"excellent barrier to the encroachments and oppressions of the representative body†¦to secure a steady, upright, and impartial administration of the laws.† (Woll 410) The Supreme Court was founded to rule on the interpretation of the Constitution, and although it often sets legal precedent, it doesn’t make laws like the President and Congress. The entire purpose of the Court is not to create laws for the people; it is not meant to be an absolute authority or tyrannical power, as is also stated by Hamilton. â€Å"This independence of the judges is equally requisite to guard the Constitution and the rights of individuals.† (Woll 412) Due to this lack in power of the Court, there is no foundation to accuse it of abusing its power. The Court merely rules on constitutionality of pre...

4 Strategies to Raise Your GPA in High School Fast

4 Strategies to Raise Your GPA in High School Fast SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It can be difficult to improve your GPA quickly, especially if you’re in the latter half of high school already. With your previous grades working against you, you’ll have to put in even more effort to overcome lower averages. However, there are some measures you can take to have a better chance of raising your GPA quickly and effectively. In this article, I’ll give you different strategies that may help you raise your GPA even if you don’t have much time left in high school. How Hard Will It Be to Raise Your GPA? If you’re feeling a sense of urgency about raising your GPA before college admissions, it’s important to understand how difficult it will be to make changes based on how far along in high school you are. If You're a Freshman: You've most likely only completed one semester of high school so far, so there's plenty of time (five semesters!) left for you to raise your GPA. The majority of your classes are still ahead of you. If you make wise changes to your study habits now, you shouldn't have a problem improving them. It's important to take action as soon as possible if your GPA is especially low so that you don't get stuck trying to climb out of a much deeper hole your sophomore or junior year. If You’re a Sophomore: At this point, you’ve completed two or three semesters of high school and have three or four more to go before you apply to college.This means that at least half of the grades that will make up your final GPA for college are still ahead of you, so you have a pretty strong chance of making improvements.If your GPA is currently, say, a 2.7, by putting in more effort over the course of the next year or so you can most likely raise it above a 3.0. If You’re a Junior: You’ve completed four or five semesters of high school now and have one or two semesters left to go before you send out college applications.Even if you’re still in the beginning of junior year, your grades this year will only comprise a third of your cumulative GPA.You will have to improve drastically in order to make a positive impact on your GPA before you apply to college.You may still be able to make small changes, but a major increase in your GPA is likely to be out of reach. You might decide to focus on standardized test scores over GPA at this point if you’re nearing the end of your junior year. If You’re a Senior: You will already be starting the college application process at this point, so you can’t improve your GPA before you send in materials to schools.The only thing you can do is try to improve your standardized test scores.Raising your scores is your best bet for getting accepted into a selective college despite a GPA that’s on the lower side.You should be able to take the SAT as late as January and the ACT as late as February if you're looking to submit your scores along with regular decision applications. High School Musical 3: It's Senior Year and We Were So Busy Believing in Ourselves That We Forgot to Take Standardized Tests Strategies on How to Raise GPA, Fast Here are some measures you might take to quickly raise your GPA before you apply to college.Keep in mind that if you’re a junior or senior, it may be too late to implement these strategies and make a strong impact on your GPA.If that’s the situation you’re in, you should focus on the final strategy listed here, improving your standardized test scores, to get the most out of your efforts before college applications are due. Strategy 1: Take Less Difficult Classes This isn’t something I would normally advocate, but if your GPA is really suffering because of a low grade in a high-level class, it may be time to cut your losses.It can help both your GPA and mental health.You may be able to get a significantly better grade in a lower-level class very quickly, thus raising your GPA much faster than if you continued to struggle in a difficult course. For example, if you’re getting a C in Honors Calculus, it will require a lot of effort to improve that grade, and the change in your GPA will be minor or nonexistent.If you decided to drop down to a lower-level math class, you might be familiar with some of the concepts since you already experienced a more fast-paced class,andyou could get a much higher grade fairly easily.If your school uses weighted GPAs, a C in a high-level class might translate to a 3.0.If you drop down to a low-level class and start getting As, those grades will translate to a 4.0. That’s a big difference in a short period of time! Strategy 2: Take More Classes This is a way to raise your GPA quickly that some people don’t really think about because it seems somewhat counterintuitive.Why would you take more classes if you’re struggling? The thing is, it’s not just core classes that make up your GPA.Electives also play into GPA. If you have a free period right now, you might consider taking an elective that you find interesting to fill up the space and raise your GPA. Many of these classes won’t present a big challenge, and they can be a fun break from your regular classes where you won't have to put in as much effort to get good grades.This is a strategy to be used with caution. I’m not trying to say â€Å"just go for the easy A and you’ll be fine.†Keep in mind that this may be a viable strategy to raise your GPA fast, but it’s not necessarily a good way to ensure that you’ll get accepted to a great college. Colleges will be able to see your grades in specific classes and exactly how you ended up with your current GPA. Taking an easy elective will raise your GPA quickly, but it's kind of like putting a band-aid on a stab wound. It absolutelydoesn’t mean you should stop trying to raise your grades in core classes.To make really meaningful changes in your chances at college admission, you will need to address deeper issues with grades in the main subject areas. Taking an easy class and seeing a quick positive change in your GPA may put you in a better mindset to tackle more daunting problems that you face in your core classes. You can create a positive mental feedback loop that will help you to keep up the motivation to work hard in your classes even if an A in â€Å"Foods 1† or something isn’t going to persuade selective colleges to admit you. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. This is a pluot, a weird fruit that's a cross between a plum and an apricot. They probably won't even tell you about it in Foods 1. This is very advanced material, probably at least Foods 4 (you can thank me later). Strategy 3: Work on Doing Better in Weighted GPA Classes If your school uses weighted GPA and you’re in some AP or Honors classes where less than perfect grades will translate into impressive GPAs, you should focus your efforts on raising your grades in those classes. On weighted GPA scales, GPAs often go up to a 5.0 rather than a 4.0 to account for more difficult classes.This means that a B in an Honors class translates to a 4.0, and an A translates into a 5.0. The potential for your grades to lead to a very high GPA is greater in these classes, so they have a better chance at raising your overall GPA.It makes sense to devote a significant chunk of your energy to these classes because they naturally require more time and effort if you hope to get good grades. If you’re choosing to avoid the work in favor of easier assignments, that might be a big part of your problem. It’s also more impressive to colleges if you can manage to improve your grades in high-level classes.Raising your grades in a lower level class the same amount might give you the same GPA, but it won’t necessarily look as good to admissions officers.You should channel the majority of your energy into the most challenging courses. Strategy 4: Focus on Standardized Test Scores Technically, this isn’t a strategy for raising your GPA.However, if it’s too late to raise your GPA before you apply to college, improving standardized test scores is your best bet for stronger admissions chances.For students headed into their senior year with a less than stellar GPA, improving standardized test scores can make a huge impact on how they fare in the college application process. With, say, a 400 point improvement in your SAT scores, you will have a chance at getting into literally hundreds more colleges. This isn't an easy feat, but it's certainly achievable with a few months of concentrated studying. To use an example, let's say you're interested in attending University of Texas at Austin and have a 2.9 GPA and an 1800 SAT score. If you managed to raise your score from an 1800 to a 2200, you would have a 20% chance of admission with the higher score as opposed to a 5% chance with the lower score. And that's with no change at all in your GPA! Sometimes the most practical thing to do is to focus on scores rather than grades, especially if you’re already in your second semester of junior year.You can retake the SAT and ACT up until the winter of your senior year if you’re applying to college regular decision. Who doesn't want to spend another Saturday morning in a hot room full of stressed people? Conclusion The fact is that GPAs don’t lend themselves to quick solutions.If you’re a junior or senior, you may not be able to do much to improve your GPA before you start the admissions process.If this is the case, try to focus on improving your standardized test scores to maximize your chances at getting into selective colleges. Other measures you might take to improve your GPA if you’re still a sophomore or early in your junior year include dropping down a level in your classes, taking additional courses where you might be able to get better grades, and focusing your attention on your most difficult classes.Raising your grades is very hard work, but if you can get yourself into better habits and use some of the quick fixes here, you may be able to see some improvement before you apply to college. What's Next? Now that we've figured out the answer to "how do I raise my GPA fast," you may be interested in learning how your GPA will be perceived in the admissions process. Read this article to find out whether colleges use weighted or unweighted GPA in making their decisions. Worried about getting into college with a low GPA? Here's a list of colleges with low GPA requirements to give you some potential options. Are you just not sure if your GPA is considered good enough for your goals? Learn more about what might constitute a good or bad GPA for your circumstances. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Disc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Disc - Essay Example 1 book (246), there is a gender bias that exists in virtually every aspect of science instruction This results in the under-representation of women in related industries, including education, which only serves to further the problem. Methods to overcome this issue must therefore be focused on removing the bias from the classroom, rather than attempting to eliminate a non-existent weakness among females. This is no easy task, as inequality has permeated practically all fields of science and math, requiring the evaluation of everything from the delivery of education to the validity of the information that is presented. Removing the gender bias in classroom science can (and should) be addressed in many ways. Including a feminist pedagogy to the instruction approach will help to identify problem areas that need to be altered, while ensuring equal considerations to famous females in the field provides a tactical approach. These methods should help all students by setting the example that they do not need to fit a particular stereotype in order to succeed in science and

Medication errors Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medication errors - Assignment Example I would recommend that the CEO focuses on ensuring a harmonious working relationship amongst the employees. She has to work hard to building trust within the organization, promote freedoms and allow all employees of the organization time to be heard through asking questions during meetings and providing their suggestions for the way forward. The CEO has to change the organizational culture and make the organization more flexible and ready to accept and accommodate new changes in personnel, technology.What should quality data be reported and utilized by this board of directors?The organization’s board of directors should utilize the quality performance measures to turn around the fortunes of the hospital. Once the health facility improves the quality of its performance, their customers or patients will certainly be satisfied with their work. Improving quality performance implies dealing with data on medication errors, hospital infections, and x-ray discrepancies among others in order improve on these figures.The minutes of the board’s meetings definitely do not reflect the discussions held in the meeting. This is because some members are not willing to put out their views during the meetings. The organization’s culture and tradition have for a long time undermined contribution from other members. Therefore, while the minutes of the Board minutes may represent the issues deliberated upon in the meetings, they do not definitely reflect the views of every member present at the meeting.

Joule Thompson effect Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joule Thompson effect - Lab Report Example Credible sources were used to provide the needed literature review that would help in producing relevant information on the discoveries that preceded the Joule-Thomson experiment. Two equations and a diagram were given to form the basis of the work. A description of what the experiment was designed to test vis-a-vis the outcome that was expected It also became important to vividly describe what the Joule-Thomson experiment was designed to test and the outcome that was expected from this experiment. This would help us to know what Joule and Thomson sought to achieve in their experiment. From this expected outcome, it would be possible to deduce the result of the Joule-Thomson experiment. A detailed explanation of the experimental setup and procedure The experimental set-up and the procedure of the Joule-Thomson experiment were well detailed in this section. This helped to have a full understanding of the subject matter. The apparatus that was used in the experiment were highlighted an d the procedure for a typical Joule-Thomson experiment was properly elaborated. A diagram to show what a typical Joule-Thomson experiment should look like was also presented. The experimental setup and procedure was given in a step by step manner as this was done in order to ease the comprehension of the Joule-Thomson experiment. ... Hence, that was the notion behind this section. The criticisms that greeted the Joule-Thomson experiment and the impact of the experiment in the scientific advancement were briefly analyzed. The Sources for the work The report was processed in the MLA format. Three websites were used for this paper for ease of accessibility and one text book to balance the credibility of the work. The sources that were consulted for this paper are given below: Physical Chemistry by Joseph Noggle, http://home.sou.edu/~chapman/ch444/JOULET.HTM, www.pdfcari.com/THE-JOULE-THOMSON- EXPERIMENT.html & www.chem.arizona.edu/~salzmanr/480a/480ants/jadjte/jadjte.html Name of Student Name of Lecturer Course 27 June 2011 Joule Thompson effect The historical context of experiment It was based on a basic assumption of the Kinetic Theory of Gases that there is no significant force of attraction between molecules of an ideal gas that Gay-Lussac and J.P. Joule presented the relevant discoveries that preceded the Joule -Thompson effect. Gay-Lussac and J.P. Joule discovered that gas molecules attract one another (Noggle 104). They believed that the fact that gaseous molecules attract one another means that there is a force of attraction between them that is too significant to be neglected. They reiterated working on the dependence of energy of gases on pressure and as a result they investigated the dependence of energy of gases on pressure (Noggle 104). The apparatus that was used by Gay-Lussac and J.P. Joule are as follows: Copper bulbs A and B, Valve V and Water-bath and a sensitive thermometer. Air was pumped into Bulb A under pressure and this was secluded from the Copper Bulb

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operation Management - Essay Example At the same time it is also very capital intensive as requires heavy machinery and costly equipment for both building of ships and carrying out repairs. It also requires a very large area or layout for its activities and needs to be next to a sea port or at least on the coast with very good rail and road facilities for transporting goods and materials. Its consumption of electrical power is also very great. It is for these reasons that this industry is not as widespread as some other industries like apparel manufacturing or food processing which may be bigger in size or turnover but far easier to manage and organize. For such an industry to survive and to prosper it must have certain traits and special skills. Such industries are also located in a few select areas of the world and have developed their knowledge base and their especially skilled workers over long periods of struggles and have become respected the world over for the excellence of their work. One such place in Europe is Rijeka, a city of 200,000 people, located on the north coast of Kvarna Bay between the Istrian Peninsula and the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia. This small town boast of two shipyards and one of them is the famous Viktor Lenac Shipyard (formerly known as Lazarus). For forty years it was the pride of Yugoslavia, until Croatia seceded from it mother country and became independent in 1991. Because of political turbulence during the next ten years foreign buyer hesitated to give business to Croatian shipyards. But Viktor Lenac survived well as it concentrated on ship repairs and remained profitable all along. During the Yugoslavian days all shipyards were owned by the government but Croatia decided to opt for the open market economy and privatized the shipyards. Attracted by its profitability a group of Italian and American investors stepped in and took over the

Cognitive Psychology nowadays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cognitive Psychology nowadays - Essay Example They look at man as a blank state wherein environment dictates what would become of that blank. In this perspective, a man on a harsh or violent environment would end up a bad person; on the other hand, being on a peaceful environment would make him a good one. With little regards on heredity, they viewed psychology as primarily dependent on nurturing. This supports their stand that a man's experience molds him to a person he ought to be regardless of his nature. It implies that conditioning determines what a person would become. May that person be an artist, a doctor or a criminal; his genes have least thing to do with it. That a man's development is solely based on what he had experienced. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, focuses on man's mental capability. It regards man as the highest form of creature that is biologically equipped with logic and rationality. A man's intelligence is attributed to his innate genetic makeup. For them a man's recognition between good and evil lies naturally with his own. Man being able to comprehend life and its intricacies would certainly manage to distinguish a much simpler matter such as recognizing good and evil. His life's experiences influenced by its underlying factor such as people whom he encountered, hardships and joy, he learn to act accordingly.

The develoment of Arab Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The develoment of Arab Nationalism - Essay Example Arab nationalism called for a political and cultural rejuvenation of the Arab world, an intense celebration of the Arab civilization and the Arab literature and language, and called for a political unification of the Arab world (Dawisha, 2005). The premise that encouraged the Arab nationalism was the firm belief that the Arab people tended to share a common linguistic heritage, cultural values, historical past and religious belief system (Dawisha, 2005). Genesis of Arab Nationalism In that context it is imperative to unravel the genesis of Arab nationalism. Since the 16th century the Ottoman Empire exercised a formal sovereignty over the Arab lands (McCarthy, 2006). For quiet a time the Ottoman Empire tended to be cautious in its approach towards the Arab tribes, choosing to garrison the key ports and cities, exercising little influence in the local Arab politics and tribal affairs (McCarthy, 2006). The Arab residents of Syria, Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Palestine appreciated this arrang ement and actually started dominating the local Ottoman administration (McCarthy, 2006). However, as in 1914 the Ottoman Empire entered the I World War, it no more afforded to take the Arab loyalty for granted. It was first owing to the rise of a nascent Arab nationalism that drew inspiration from the Western ideas (McCarthy, 2006). Many Arabs started to appreciate the nationalist Slavic movements of the Balkans, most of which managed to secure independence from the Ottoman Empire (McCarthy, 2006). The other factor was the rising clout of the educated Arab elites, which included former or serving officers affiliated to the Ottoman administration and army, Arab civil servants and intellectuals (McCarthy, 2006). The completion of Hejaz railway in 1908 was the other bone of contention for the Arabs who believed that it tightened the Ottoman stranglehold on them (McCarthy, 2006). This particularly enervated the Hashemite clan that claimed descent from the Prophet and was led by Sharif H ussein ibn Ali in 1914 (McCarthy, 2006). The disgruntled Arab tribes of the interior resented the stringent approach of the Ottomans and gradually started to enter arrangements with the British, to initiate a revolt against the Ottomans (McCarthy, 2006). This revolt was further incited by the nationalist al-Fatat movement in Syria (McCarthy, 2006). In the post World War I period, the establishment of the French and the British mandate saw varied Arab uprisings like the uprisings in Iraq and Syria (Jankowski, 2002). Besides the relative independence of North Yemen, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Iraq incited the Arab nationalists in the neighbouring regions to overthrow the imminent Western colonial powers (Jankowski, 2002). The ensuing anti-Zionist uprisings in Palestine and anti-colonial activities in Syria further encouraged the nationalist movements in Iraq and Egypt, which gave way to the modern Arab nationalism that led to the independence of varied Arab nations in the period followin g the World War II (Jankowski, 2002). The Role Played by Intelligentsia There is no denying the fact that Arab intellectuals do played a pivotal role in the genesis, encouragement and dissemination of Arab nationalism. Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi was a prominent Syrian intellectual

Cognitive Psychology nowadays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cognitive Psychology nowadays - Essay Example They look at man as a blank state wherein environment dictates what would become of that blank. In this perspective, a man on a harsh or violent environment would end up a bad person; on the other hand, being on a peaceful environment would make him a good one. With little regards on heredity, they viewed psychology as primarily dependent on nurturing. This supports their stand that a man's experience molds him to a person he ought to be regardless of his nature. It implies that conditioning determines what a person would become. May that person be an artist, a doctor or a criminal; his genes have least thing to do with it. That a man's development is solely based on what he had experienced. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, focuses on man's mental capability. It regards man as the highest form of creature that is biologically equipped with logic and rationality. A man's intelligence is attributed to his innate genetic makeup. For them a man's recognition between good and evil lies naturally with his own. Man being able to comprehend life and its intricacies would certainly manage to distinguish a much simpler matter such as recognizing good and evil. His life's experiences influenced by its underlying factor such as people whom he encountered, hardships and joy, he learn to act accordingly.

PROSTITUTION -this is for health ethics and law in Canada class Essay

PROSTITUTION -this is for health ethics and law in Canada class - Essay Example This theory fits very well with the argument supporting it, as it teaches that individuals have a duty and a responsibility of acting accordingly regardless of the consequences that will precede their actions (Longworth, 2010). The utilitarian ethical theory states that the choice that yields the greatest benefit to a majority of persons is the choice that is ethically correct. It places the locus of what is wrong and right solely on the outcome of choosing ones interest actions taking into account other peoples interest. The theory is against prostitution law in an effort of reducing suffering or negatives outcomes to the society. The principle based theory focuses on main principles of ethics such as respecting the person’s autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence practice. Thus, it calls for unethical stoppage of prostitution to protect human dignity (Irvine, Osborne, Shariff & Sneiderman, 2013). The ethics of care theory, on the contrary, is in support of prostitution. From the theory, it is important to understand the various degrees of dependence of each individual, as it is essential to consider different situations in an effort to safeguarding and promoting the specific interest of the victims involved. Many individuals see sex work as unethical yet for them; it is a source of live food, and they cannot survive without. This has been supported by moral relativism source of morality that is concerned with the moral judgment’s differences across different cultures. It acknowledges that individuals in one way will disagree about what is ethically moral, but nobody emerges objectively wrong or right (Fisher, 2013). According to subjectivism source of morality, subjectivism is according to the truth condition of utterance that â€Å"prostitution is wrong† from the moral human standard. Thus, it disapproves of the act subjecting it to be morally unethical practicing it. From objectivism based on authority source of

The advance of feminism into the workplace

The advance of feminism into the workplace From the beginning of the first wave of feminism following through to the third wave of feminism women in the workforce has changed substantially overtime. From the beginning roles of women staying at home being housewives and there high expectations from men, to the current times of the working mom. With help from legislation a woman entering the workforce has increased. As women entering the workforce started to evolve so did the laws. It started with women gaining the right to vote which increased the education and job opportunity. As times pass the Equal Pay Act was passed that improved economic status of women. There were some barriers such as the glass ceiling act that effected the advancement of women. The most recent law that has affected the working women is the Lilly Ledbetter fair play act. I choose this topic because I think women have came a long way and have gained a lot more independence to go out and work a job with the barriers that were faced. Beginning in the first wave of feminism and moving forward times have changed. Women went from being house wives to entering the work force. After the 19th amendment was passed giving the women the right to vote, may have been the opening door to end discrimination. Male politicians were enthusiastic about womens right to vote and allowing them to hold public office and service or juries. Following the pass of the amendment there was still many struggles to come to gain equality. The ideal role of women was to get married, have children and stay at home to keep things in order for the family. In another words they were considered a house wife. Betty Friedan who is considered the god mother of equality feminism stated that the statement of being a house wife can create a sense of emptiness, non existence, and nothing less in women (Iannone). She felt that the aspect of a housewife role was what made it impossible for women of adult intelligence to retain a sense of human identity and the firm care of herself (Iannone). While the women stayed home the men were responsible for running the country, being head of corporations and being the main provider to the household. There was fear that working women would compete for the mens job. Women who did work had low paying occupations. Even the females who held the same occupations as men were paid less for doing the same job. Beginning the 19th century there was and increase in the required educational preparation focusing on the study of medicine. In 1890, women constituted about 5 percent of the total doctors in the US. Not only were more women involved in the study of medicine they also focused on the teaching profession. During the first wave, and focusing on the 1920s is when things started to happen with women rights. During the 1920s, 1 in 4 women over the ago of 16 were part of the work force. The number of working women increased by 50.1 percent. As working women continued out in the workforce, they gained little opportunity to advance. They showed there success by demonstrating they were capable of economic independence. (Womens History in America) As the times progress and we move through the years into the second wave of feminism women entering the work force seems to increase. Since 1960 more women with children have been forced to work . For women with children under the age of 6, 12 percent worked in 1950, 45 percent in 1980 and by 1987 the amount increase to 57 percent. Over half of the mothers with children under the age of three were in the work force by 1987. During this time from 1950-1980 it was envisioned that women will educate themselves, pick a career path, and eliminate there dependencies on men. Women constituted more than 45 percent of employment in the US by 1989,and only a small share of those decisions making jobs. The numbers for women working as managers, officials, and other administrative has increase in 1989 they were out numbered by 1.5 to 1 by men. Women in 1970 were paid about 45 percent less than men for the same job. In 1988 the percentage for pay decreased to 33 percent less. Professional women d id not get the important assignments and promotions given to the male (Womens History in America). Women who are not able to pursue a career or who do not earn enough money to have and adequate standard of living are dependent on the government agencies or their husbands for support. In the glass ceiling during the period from 1985- 1986, one out of every four women earned less than 10,000 per year these earnings are less than adequate wages for single mothers. On average women have a lower income even with a degree or certificate than men who have comparable years of work experience without a high school diploma (as sighted in Rhoodie, 1989). The equal pay act of 1963 is the United States federal law amending the fair labor standards act. This law was aimed to eliminate wage level based on sex. It was signed into law on June 10, 1963 by John F. Kennedy. The law provided that no employers having employees subject to any provision of this section shall discriminate within any establishment where employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex and paying wages to employees at a rate less than the rate that employees are paid of the opposite sex for equal work on the job (Wikipedia). By passing the equal pay act the congressional intent was the first step towards and adjustment of balance in pay for women. The Equal Pay Act should be a starting point for establishing pay for women. The impact that this law provided according to the bureau of labor statistics, womens salaries have increased from 62 percent of mens earning in 1970 to 80 percent in 2004 (Wikipedia). In 1991 the United States Department of labor used a term called the glass ceiling. The glass ceiling refers to a situation where the advancement of a qualified person within the organization is stopped at a lower level because of some form of discrimination, most commonly sexism or racism. This situation refers to the ceiling as there is a limitation blocking upward advancement and glass as transparent because the limitation is not immediately apparent and is normally an written and unofficial policy. This ceiling tends to affect working women the most. This barrier makes many women feel as they are not worthy enough to have high ranking positions, or that their bosses do not take them seriously or believe that they could be candidates for growth potential within the work place (Wikipedia). As we move forward into the more current times, the amount of women in the work place have increased. Today over 46 percent of the work force is women, over 37 percent of business managerial positions and held by women. The economy cant run with 46 percent of its workforce staying at home. All companies large and small recognize the value that women bring to their companies, and some have proven to run more successfully with working women (Pile). In addition, the average household needs two wages to meet todays financial needs. Women are following right behind the men with there salaries (U.S. Department of labor). In 2004 women earned 80 percent of there males salaries compared to the 63 percent in 1963 (U.S. Department of labor). The economy can not run with 45 percent of its work force staying at home (U.S. Department of labor). All companies, big and small, recognize the value that women bring to their companies, and some have proven to run more successfully (Pile). The existence of anti discrimination laws and the high cost of litigation have paved the way for many women to be promoted, and it is rare to find large established companies without written policies that help promote women to managerial positions. But even with the help of plan and anti- discrimination laws, women still run into a glass ceiling. One example is Deloitte and Touche, an accounting firm with a strategic plan to promote women. The firm found out that, although they had been hiring a workforce composed of 33 percent to 50 percent of women out of college annually, they retained a much lesser percentage a decade later. They found that only 14 percent of their partners were women. In the end they found out that women were not leaving because they were not happy with their jobs, they were leaving because the male managers had been favoring the male subordinates, and this frustrated women who were competing for these top assignments (Sommers). On January 29, 2009, Barack Obama signed into law the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. This law is intended for fair pay of individual workers regardless of their gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion or disability. This bill is for the women across the country that still are earning 78 cents to every dollar men earn, and women of a different race even less. This means today that women are still losing thousands of dollars in salary, income and retirement savings over the course of a lifetime. This bill was a simple step to fundamental fairness to American workers. (Obama Signs Lilly Ledbetter Act) Women starting it the first wave had a very rough life starting out. They were confined to the house to raise the children and take care of the men. Women were not allowed to go out and make their own livings. They were to be there for the men and the family. Things starting out like this made it hard for women to enter the work force. Education levels of women were lower than men so therefore there pay was lower and that was something that escalated over time. Fair pay is still something that women face today. With the legislative rights such as the right to vote, equal pay act, and the fair pay act things have came a long way. Women are entering the work force now and making a living.

Guilt of Commiting a Crime or Misdemeanors :: essays research papers

The Guilt of Committing a Crime or Misdemeanor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the movie Crimes and Misdemeanors, the main character, Judah Rosenthal, make a life changing decision when he decided to kill his mistress. For Judah, there were no other alternatives to keep his affair a secret. His mistress, Delores, wanted to confront Judah’s wife Merriam to tell her about the affair that had been going on for the last past three years since Judah could not tell her himself. He knew that if Merriam found out she would not forgive him and he could not stand to see her suffer and his life crumbled to pieces. The public finding out about the affair would also had created problems for his buisness. He is known as a successful ophthalmologist who is well respected by his patients. Hiring a hit man to kill Delores is the only option to keep his affair a secret. For three years Judah and Delores carried on an affair. Their relationship had all started when they met on an airplane. She was a flight attendant and he was a rich ophthalmologist sitting in first class attending a business trip. The moment they started talking, they hit it off which soon led to an affair. She got an apartment in New York City so that she could be close to Judah. Of course, the affair was just a convenience thing for Judah, but on the other hand Delores starts to feel true feelings about him. She wanted him all to herself. One day, when Judah came home from work he found an unopened letter on the living room table sent to Merriam from Delores. Judah quickly looked around and opened the letter. The letter was about Delores confessed to Merriam about the three year love affair between her and Judah and how she wanted to meet up with Merriam. Judah was furious and put the letter into the fire. He went to Delores’s apartment and confronted her about the letter t o ask her why she would do such a thing. He also told her that thankfully that he got to the letter before Merriam did. She told him that it was time to put this affair to an end so that she and Judah could be together. Judah mentioned that he never made any promises of them being together and he would certainly tell his family about his secret. On occasions, Judah felt like he needed to talk to someone about this so he turned to one of his patients Ben who was a Jewish Rabbi that was steadily going blind.

My Cinematic Version of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

My Cinematic Version of Macbeth In filming my own version of Macbeth, I would choose a traditional route to capturing the essence of Shakespeare’s classic. In keeping with Shakespeare’s idea, I would film the piece in the great lands of Scotland. Using one of the famous castles of the land, I would make the time period somewhere around the 11th century. This means that things will be a little primitive, but historically correct. A re-occurring theme in Macbeth is death so the time of year would be fall, because the leaves are falling, and the plants are dying. The season is considered a time symbolic of dying. The costumes in the movie would anything but glamorous. Of this time period, most people would be wearing heavy woolen tunics with fur trimming. To keep warm in cold weather, they could wear animal skins around their legs with leather strapping. The royalty will of the movie will only wear the finest of these materials and the best looking pieces of clothing. Women would wear a heavy wool garment to keep with the chronological fashions. Now, although I would be filming the movie in a 11th century setting, that doesn’t stop me from using the latest technology and ideas. Makeup is an important part in the film industry today so of course I would use it to in my picture. The witches would require the most makeup. They would all have long, crooked noses, with facial hair and moles all over their face. Each would have long black or gray stringy hair. I would not have the witches standing tall. Two if not all three would have a humpback and be about five feet in stature. Young Siward will be a young boyish figure. Macbeth’s rage and overaggressive ambition are brought out by the slaying of Young Siward; therefore, Young Siward would look like a young innocent boy of the age of 12. Another modern idea would be the special effects involved. Special effects would be used in the scenes of bad weather. Lighting and thunder will be used for the witches’ scenes as well as Duncan’s Murder. The major special effect as well as the most dramatic will be the appearance of the ghost of Banquo. A holographic image of a white transparent figure resembling Banquo will have stab wounds and blood oozing from his disheveled body. My Cinematic Version of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays My Cinematic Version of Macbeth In filming my own version of Macbeth, I would choose a traditional route to capturing the essence of Shakespeare’s classic. In keeping with Shakespeare’s idea, I would film the piece in the great lands of Scotland. Using one of the famous castles of the land, I would make the time period somewhere around the 11th century. This means that things will be a little primitive, but historically correct. A re-occurring theme in Macbeth is death so the time of year would be fall, because the leaves are falling, and the plants are dying. The season is considered a time symbolic of dying. The costumes in the movie would anything but glamorous. Of this time period, most people would be wearing heavy woolen tunics with fur trimming. To keep warm in cold weather, they could wear animal skins around their legs with leather strapping. The royalty will of the movie will only wear the finest of these materials and the best looking pieces of clothing. Women would wear a heavy wool garment to keep with the chronological fashions. Now, although I would be filming the movie in a 11th century setting, that doesn’t stop me from using the latest technology and ideas. Makeup is an important part in the film industry today so of course I would use it to in my picture. The witches would require the most makeup. They would all have long, crooked noses, with facial hair and moles all over their face. Each would have long black or gray stringy hair. I would not have the witches standing tall. Two if not all three would have a humpback and be about five feet in stature. Young Siward will be a young boyish figure. Macbeth’s rage and overaggressive ambition are brought out by the slaying of Young Siward; therefore, Young Siward would look like a young innocent boy of the age of 12. Another modern idea would be the special effects involved. Special effects would be used in the scenes of bad weather. Lighting and thunder will be used for the witches’ scenes as well as Duncan’s Murder. The major special effect as well as the most dramatic will be the appearance of the ghost of Banquo. A holographic image of a white transparent figure resembling Banquo will have stab wounds and blood oozing from his disheveled body.

English Composition Essay

In the aspect of writing English composition, several rules and guidelines must be followed for the aspect of clarity, clearness, and understandability. This grammar rules are established to follow a clear and concise presentation of the ideas and concepts being communicated in each composition. Included in these guidelines and rules is the use of examples and how they are used to promote the main argument in each composition. In the use of examples in the English composition, several approaches are established to guide the use of this strategy for the clearness in the composition. First, is using example in a word or phrase employing short approaches towards the presentation. The second is through sentence-length examples, which are more specific as they employ the idea along with the specific example explaining the said concept. Third is through the use of extended examples, which are commonly to be an entire paragraph for more detailed explanation and presentation. For better composition, most writer use different styles and conjoined different approaches in a single essay for more detailed explanation of the main topic. For example, in the composition of John Head entitled â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing†, the author was able to clearly and specifically presents his topic and ideas through the use of both single word or phrase example and sentence-length examples. In most paragraphs, the author mentioned specific words to support his topic and in the others, he used the sentence-length examples, which includes the idea and the specific argument explaining the concept. Through this approach, the author has able to present clearly his main argument and reasons about his opinions towards the brutal nature of boxing explaining why the said act should be condone not as a sport but as an uncivilized fight in the society.

I Feel Great

DBQ 15: The Debate Over American Imperialism Catriona Whalley Imperialism was not a proper and legitimate policy for the United States to follow at the turn of the 19th century. Americans defended their country’s attentions with ethnocentric, hypocritical, and overall un-American rationalizations. They imperialized for their own profit and benefit, and had no true justification behind their reasoning. While Americans did not usually claim that they anted to maintain rule of other territories for American Profit, it was a factor.Some saw the Pacific Ocean as the key to thriving trade in the future; by holding claim to that ocean though ruling the Philippines they would hold â€Å"the power that rules the world. † (Doc 5) The country was also needed to meet the US’ growing production demands (Doc 2) For the States to turn the land they acquired over to France or Germany – who were commercial rivals to the US- would harm their own trade. (Doc 3) If you were t o strictly interpret the Declaration of Independence, you would find that the U.S’ reasons for imperializing go against the beliefs set by their founding fathers. The declaration clearly states that you cannot govern any country but your own against their will, even if it is believed that it is for their own good. (Doc 4) The loved President Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"no man is good enough to govern another man without that other’s consent,† as advocates of self-government, they should have listened to these words of wisdom.Americans also claimed that as a superior, more civilized nation, they held the duty to â€Å"led in the regeneration of the world†, to spread their beliefs, customs and religion. (Doc 1) The declaration cites that â€Å"All men are created equally,† therefore all men outside of the U. S should be treated as equals to Americans. (O. I) In the past the United States made foreign countries sign a document called the Monroe D octrine; this contract banned any country from imperializing the States.The United States was also born in a revolt against colonialism. Both of these events in the past cause the country to be considered a hypocrite; how can they claim that no country can imperialize and rule them, but they can do the same to others? (O. I) The United States only began to imperialize as its thirst for more power grew after completing manifest destiny. As a country that boasted democracy, will of the people, and self-government, they should not have imperialized during the turn of the 19th century.

What is a Monster? Are We Monsters? Are Humans Monsters?

When we become envious of our friend's belongings, vengeful toward those who hate, or selfish when we have plenty. Monsters strike fear within our hearts because they are giant, monstrous, ugly and uncontrollable beings. Humans strike fear in their peers because of their vengeance, race or politics. In Beowulf, readers are exposed to these monsters who are uncontrollable through the ways that they fight each other. By analyzing Beowulf, the concept of monstrosity is parallel to some flaws of humanity. Although Beowulf is seen a deviant God-sent savior by the people of Heorot and Hrothgar, he is not exempt from the equivalence of humanistic flaws in the natural world. Through the use of many parallels between the characters of Beowulf representing monsters and the natural world humans, the reader is left questioning what it is to be a hero and what it is to be a monster. The story uses symbolism such as supernaturalism as the model to create specific roles for the characters in Beowulf that parallel humans. In this paper, I will discuss the ways in which Grendel, Grendel's Mother and Beowulf are parallel to humans in the natural world by looking at the ways in which monsters and humans are similar. The epic poem, Beowulf, describes each of the monsters to be supernatural except Grendel and his mother who are understood to not be supernatural. He is one of three monsters in the story that is ornamented with monstrous traits such as â€Å"heathen talons, terrible spikes† (Beowulf 987). Although he is described with these monstrous features, it is humanistic and emotional instinct that propel his actions. For example, in the beginning of the story, Grendel is angered by the joyous celebration of the men of Heorot (Danes), crawls out of his underground swamp and creates a deathly disturbance. This ambiguous monstrosity gives mixed views of the role of humans and monsters, allowing for overlapping representations. He lives underground with his mother that is recognized by readers as the unnatural world-living in swamps and darkness. The grumpy Grendel attacks the Hall because it â€Å"harrowed him to hear the joyful din loud in the hall† (87-105). He is envious of Hrothgar and his people because they live in civilization-unlike Grendel-who lives in isolation. Words like â€Å"harrowing,† â€Å"misery† (105), â€Å"unholy creature,† and â€Å"ravenous† (120-121) are all used in the beginning of the story which alludes readers that Grendel is monstrous and envious of the Danes. The human characteristic Grendel is portraying in the story is envy. He wants to fit in with the Danes but since he is a Cain (who kills kin) he is unable to. His physical form confuses readers in terms of categorizing him as man or beast. He has many animal attributes, a grotesque and monstrous appearance such as â€Å"beast† (425), â€Å"heathen talons† and â€Å"terrible spikes† (985), but his actions and emotions prove otherwise. When Grendel is gravely injured from the battle with Beowulf at the Hall, he is doomed to die in his underground home. When Beowulf describes the win over Grendel, he states, â€Å"death is not an easy thing to escape-try it who will-but compelled necessity all must come to that place set aside for soul-bearers, children of men, dwellers on earth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1012). This further blurs the line between natural world humans and monsters because of the vernacular Beowulf chooses, â€Å"earth dwellers†, â€Å"children of men†. These words with specific intent towards Grendel, can overlap with descriptions of death towards humans in the natural world that death is hard to escape. Grendel's mother in the story is relatable to every mother in the natural world. Her intent to avenge her son's death (Grendel) to kill Beowulf is a very similar instinct mothers have in the natural world humans feel remorse for the loss of their loved ones. She symbolizes the natural quality of revenge. Grendel's mother comes into play and described as, â€Å"a woman's warfare, is less than an armed man's when a bloodstained blade, its edges strong, hammer-forged sword, slices through the boar-image on a helmet opposite† (1283). The line, â€Å"a woman's warfare, is than an armed man† to describe Grendel's mother as weak is a direct parallel to mothers in the natural world. In today's world, people assume that women are weak and less harmful than a man. In the story, the men in the hall are not afraid of her because she is a woman. Even though she is a mother, a female, to a â€Å"weak†, â€Å"emotional† monster (Grendel), she can still be violent and dangerous to others. This parallels mothers in the natural world. They can be terrifying when you make them mad. Grendel's mother is also ornamented with monstrous descriptions, â€Å"her hostile claws, that she-wolf of the sea swam to the bottom† (1505). This puzzles the reader when trying to categorize Grendel's mother as (wo)man or â€Å"beast†. Along with Grendel's monstrosity and his mothers', Beowulf's humanity is called into question. His call for attacking and killing Grendel is only for the fame he receives from the men of Heorot, â€Å"he trusted his strength, the might of his handgrip-as a man should do if by his warfare he thinks to win long-lasting praise: he cares nothing for his life† (1535). In this scene, the reader sees how he possess supernatural qualities of abnormal strength. This is the epitome of so many men in the natural world. Men are greedy for praise to impress a woman they like. The description of Beowulf here can again confuse the reader as to what to categorize him as, man or â€Å"beast†. Men try to be heroic when a tragedy happens most of the time to gain praise from the public. This is what Beowulf does in the story, to be the hero by stopping the attack on Heorot by Grendel. Beowulf is the example of the â€Å"tragic hero† in the story. He comes from being known as nothing but an ugly strong monster to a praised monster who killed the bad guy. He has many animal attributes and a monstrous appearance, but he seems to be guided by vague human emotions and impulses. For example, the impulse to kill Grendel for glory and fame is a remorseful killing act, Beowulf uses it as adrenaline to keep killing and attacking the â€Å"beasts† who harm Heorot. These different monstrous personalities are seen in the natural human world which need to be addressed today when reading and exploring one's own life. Humans are monsters too. Grendel is portrayed as the man who takes the bus to work every day and is envious of happiness in people's life-maybe someone with depression. Grendel's mother is portrayed as everyone's mother who wants revenge for a loved one's death and Beowulf is the greedy white American who wants to be praised for saving blacks in a burning house. Each of these portrayals in the human world is scary to see and understand. But it is all real. Concepts of monstrosity, heroism, and supernaturalism in Beowulf are complex due to the parallelisms between humanity and the monsters in the story. It is easy for readers to neglect the looming allusions on humanity that Beowulf offers through its use of subtle comparison. The ambiguity of â€Å"monster† and â€Å"hero† are intermixed in both the story and world of common man. Beowulf reminds readers to question the flaws and norms in humanity and its longing labels. We must yearn to understand human motivation before asking and claiming self-righteous glory. The difference between Grendel's mother and Beowulf is that his mother was avenging the death of her son and Beowulf kills for glory and fame. Humans are monsters.

Physician assisted suicide ( for an ethics in healthcare class) Research Paper

Physician assisted suicide ( for an ethics in healthcare class) - Research Paper Example Euthanasia is classified into two types; active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. This paper compares active and passive euthanasia and analyzes the arguments in favor and against performing physician assisted suicide. Physician Assisted Suicide In the United States, physician-assisted suicide is legal only in Oregon. The Oregon Death With Dignity Act was passed in November 1994 by a margin of 51% to 49%. After multiple legal proceedings prevented its enactment, the Act became law on October 27, 1997. In November 1997, 60% of voters voted against Measure 25, which would have repealed the Act. The Death With Dignity Act legalizes physician-assisted suicide but prohibits euthanasia (Facts and Statistics on Euthanasia, 2010) Physician assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia are slightly different even though the purpose of both remains the same. PAS is a kid of suicide performed with the help of a physician as the name suggests whereas euthanasia is the intentional ending of life of a pe rson by the physician. Euthanasia or PAS are normally performed when a patient happens to be in a no hope condition and suffers severe pain and agony. Proponents of PAS believe that there is no point in sustaining the life of a patient in pathetic condition, if the hope for survival is zero. ... Earlier people like to live in larger families whereas current generation likes to live in nuclear families. In other words, earlier, helping or assisting old people or patients during the end of their life periods, was considered as a duty and responsibility. At present people do not believe in such things. Everybody wants to safeguard their interests at present and they do not bother much about the necessities of older generation or patients who are fighting for their lives. Current generation is more selfish and they give priority to their personal wellbeing and do not bother much about the interests of others. Under such circumstances, old people or patients in no hope conditions would like to terminate their lives and PAS is an option available in front of them. On the other hand, religions or critics argue against PAS citing moral reasons. For them, human do not possess the right to terminate his life under any circumstances because of the immense value of human life. They also argue that God has certain plan on each person’s life which is difficult to realize with human abilities. Religions argue that the life in this world is only a temporary assignment and a permanent life is waiting for each human after his death. The life after death is associated with the merits and demerits of the activities in present life. In short, there are different views about the topic physician assisted suicide. Before analyzing the above issue in detail, it is better to identify different types of euthanasia prevailing in the present society. Wrong evaluation or assessment about the conditions of a patient may sometimes motivate others in performing euthanasia.